Tikanga is a set of values, customs and practices found in Māori culture. It encompasses the whole of life, from birth to death, including spiritual beliefs and social behaviour. It's what guides Māori as they make decisions about their lives and how they relate to others.
The word 'tikanga' can be roughly translated to mean 'the right way', and it is seen as an intrinsic part of Māori identity. It is not only used by Māori themselves, but also by non-Māori who want to learn more about the culture or to show respect for it.
Tikanga is often described as a way of thinking that shapes how people behave in any given situation - such as offering hospitality or taking turns speaking at important events. It also includes protocols around how visitors should behave when entering someone else's home or marae (meeting ground). These protocols are based on ideas like tapu (sacred) and noa (common). Tapu areas must be respected while noa areas are those where everyone can relax.
However, tikanga goes beyond just rules of etiquette – it’s also about developing relationships with each other and understanding the importance of whanaungatanga (kinship). This concept of whanaungatanga is based on the idea that all people are related, and understanding this shared history can help to build strong connections between people.
Tikanga is not static – it’s an ever-evolving way of life that has been shaped by different experiences throughout the years. It is something that Māori continuously strive to keep alive, so that their culture continues to be respected and honoured.
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